Next generation" can mean many things, but generally it refers to something beyond incremental or evolutionary improvements. For instance, in the summer of 2003, at a symposium on the "post-digital library," Clifford Lynch, the head of the Coalition for Networked Information, asked how the field would spend $1 billion (if it had it). The intent of the strategy was to get people to think about what next generation of digital libraries might mean beyond improving this or that strategy, as important and critical as such pragmatic matters remain. He argued in his written remarks: "We should recognize the limitations of a research program focusing on digital libraries as we understand them today. This is likely to lead to mostly incremental rather than transformative progress . . .. Rather than considering how to re-design or recreate or enhance libraries we might usefully focus our attention on the human and social purposes and needs that libraries and allied memory institutions have been intended to address . . .. And we must be careful not to overly-emphasize the parts of this knowledge ecosystem that are familiar, that we are comfortable with intellectually, socially and economically, to the exclusion of the new, the unfamiliar, the disturbing, the confusing.¹